Dr Alan SIHOE Dart Loon

Lung cancer is a type of malignant tumor which is commonly caused by factors such as long-term smoking and air pollution, and requires early detection and treatment.

Pulmonary nodule is a radiological finding defined as an area of increased density within the lung that measures 3 cm or less in diameter. Based on density, pulmonary nodules can be classified into three categories: solid, part-solid, and ground-glass (GGN). Pulmonary nodules may result from benign or malignant conditions. The diagnosis and management of pulmonary nodules are highly individualized.

Possible causes of Mediastinal Masses include lymph node enlargement (resulting from infections, inflammation, autoimmune diseases, or malignant tumours), tumours (such as thymoma, germ cell tumours, and schwannomas), cysts, or other diseases.

Pleural effusion refers to an abnormal buildup of fluid in the pleural cavity. Under normal circumstances, the pleural cavity contains only a small amount of fluid (about 10-20 ml) to lubricate the pleura during respiratory movements. When the fluid volume increases abnormally, it can compress lung tissues, potentially leading to breathing difficulties, chest pain, and other respiratory symptoms.