Our Services

Vocal Polyp

Otolaryngology

Vocal Polyp is a benign tumour that develops on the vocal cords, typically appearing as a soft mass on one side of the vocal cord mucosa. These masses can be translucent, vascular, or sometimes present as thicker tissue. It is differ from vocal nodules, which usually appear symmetrically on both sides of the vocal cords.

Symptoms

Vocal polyps generally affect the quality of the voice and the comfort of phonation. Here are some detailed symptoms that may occur with vocal polyps:

Hoarseness: Vocal polyps can prevent the vocal cords from closing correctly, leading to a hoarse or rough voice, the most common symptom of vocal polyps.
Vocal Fatigue: The voice may quickly become fatigued, especially after speaking or singing for an extended period. The tumour on the vocal cords increases the effort needed to maintain average voice production.
Voice Changes: Vocal polyps can cause changes in the quality of the voice, including alterations in pitch, volume, and tone.
Intermittent Voice Loss: In some cases, polyps may lead to intermittent voice loss, particularly after prolonged use of the vocal cords.
Breathiness: Larger polyps might create additional noise during breathing, such as wheezing or difficulty inhaling.
Foreign Body Sensation: Patients may feel as if there is something foreign in their throat or experience discomfort, especially when swallowing.
Difficulty Swallowing: Although less common, larger polyps or those located in positions affecting other structures of the throat may cause difficulty or discomfort when swallowing.

Causes

Vocal polyps are often associated with overuse or trauma to the vocal cords:

Vocal Cord Trauma

Acute Trauma: Sudden, forceful vocal activities such as yelling loudly or intense coughing can cause blood vessels on the surface of the vocal cords to burst, leading to hematoma formation, which may eventually develop into a polyp.
Chronic Trauma: Long-term overuse of the vocal cords, particularly with improper voice techniques, can result in repeated minor injuries and chronic inflammation, ultimately leading to the formation of polyps.

Prolonged Vocal Cord Fatigue

Prolonged use of the vocal cords, especially without proper vocal techniques, can cause mucosal fatigue and inflammation, increasing the likelihood of polyp formation.

Risk Factors

Occupational Factor: Frequent use of vocal cords is a significant risk factor for forming vocal polyps, particularly in professions such as teachers, singers, actors, lawyers, and salespeople.
Smoking: Smoking can irritate the mucous membranes of the vocal cords, increasing the risk of chronic inflammation and polyp formation.
Hormonal Influences: Hormonal changes are also considered a potential factor in developing vocal polyps, especially for women during specific physiological periods.
Improper Voice Techniques: Incorrect vocal techniques can increase the risk of vocal fatigue and trauma, particularly in activities that require prolonged use of the voice.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Acid reflux into the throat can irritate the mucous membranes of the vocal cords and lead to chronic inflammation, contributing to polyp formation.
Allergies and Respiratory Infections: Prolonged allergic reactions or respiratory infections can also lead to vocal cord inflammation and the development of polyps.

Diagnosis and Treatments

Diagnostic Methods

Laryngoscopy	The primary method for diagnosing vocal polyps. Doctors use a laryngoscope (either direct or indirect) to visually examine the condition of the vocal cords and check for any growths on the vocal cord surface.
Acoustic Analysis	Analysing voice samples assesses the quality and function of the voice, helping to identify the impact of vocal polyps on phonation.
Stroboscopy	This imaging technique observes the vibration patterns of the vocal cords, aiding in the differentiation of polyps from other vocal cord abnormalities.

Treatments

Conservative Treatment	Vocal Rest: Reducing the use of the vocal cords, especially avoiding shouting or prolonged speaking, helps in the natural recovery of the polyps. Voice Therapy: Working with a speech therapist to learn proper vocal techniques and reduce vocal strain.
Surgical Treatment	Minimally Invasive Polyp Removal: Minimally invasive surgery may remove the polyps that do not improve with conservative treatment or cause severe issues. This surgery typically uses a laryngoscope and may involve lasers or other tools for precise removal. Postoperative Care: Post-surgery, short-term vocal rest and gradual return to everyday voice use are often recommended.
Lifestyle Adjustments	Avoid Smoking and Second-hand Smoke: Both can irritate the vocal cords and exacerbate symptoms. Manage Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Proper treatment of GERD to reduce irritation of the vocal cords.

The treatment of vocal polyps needs to be tailored based on the size, location of the polyps, and the patient's occupational and quality of life needs. Regular follow-ups and assessments are crucial to ensure effective treatment and prevent recurrence.