Lung Nodule
Respiratory MedicineCardio Thoracic Surgery
A lung nodule is a visible spot on the lungs seen in chest X-rays or CT scans. It is usually discovered incidentally during these imaging tests and typically does not cause any symptoms. Pulmonary nodules can be caused by non-cancerous conditions such as inflammation or benign growths, or they can be cancerous.
Diagnosis
| Chest X-ray | X-rays can detect abnormalities in the lungs, and doctors will observe the location of any shadows in the lungs. |
| Bronchoscopy & Biopsy | Bronchoscopy & Biopsy:After the patient is anaesthetized, the doctor inserts a flexible tube into the patient's airway to examine the bronchial mucosa and collect a small amount of live tissue to check for cancer cells. |
| Computerized Tomography (CT) Scan | This technique uses X-ray radiation and contrast imaging to depict the condition of the lungs. Computer analysis of the images assists doctors in diagnosing lung conditions. |
| Low-Dose Chest Computed Tomography (Low Dose CT) | This is a medical imaging technique with lower radiation exposure. It uses X-rays to pass through the body and processes the images through a computer. Compared to traditional X-rays, they can capture the internal structures of organs or tissues from multiple angles and with greater clarity, allowing for specific sectional or 3D images to be obtained. |
Treatment
If there is a high chance of cancer, surgery is often performed to remove the nodule. For nodules with a medium chance of cancer, additional investigations such as PET scans, bronchoscopy or CT-guided biopsies are performed to gather more information. Because of its typical small size, advanced technology and techniques in bronchoscopy are often required to accurately locate the nodule for biopsy. In cases where there is a low chance of cancer, monitoring the nodule with repeat CT scans is the usual approach. If the nodule grows, surgery is typically recommended, and additional tests and assessments are conducted before the procedure.
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